What is the purpose of the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST)?

The purpose of the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) is to detect infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). When a small amount of tuberculin protein is injected into the skin, it stimulates a specific immune response in individuals who have been exposed to the bacteria. If the individual has been infected, the immune system will react, leading to a raised bump at the injection site, which can be measured after 48 to 72 hours.

This test is crucial for identifying latent TB infections, allowing for timely treatment to prevent the progression to active TB disease. It plays a significant role in public health, particularly for screening individuals in high-risk populations or healthcare settings. The other options do not pertain to the Mantoux test; for instance, it is specifically not used for testing HIV or measuring blood glucose levels. Thus, the focus and application of the Mantoux test make option C the appropriate choice.