What technique should be used to minimize pain during intramuscular injections?

The Z-track technique is an effective method for minimizing pain during intramuscular injections. This technique involves pulling the skin and subcutaneous tissue to one side before inserting the needle and then maintaining that position during the injection. Once the injection is completed, the skin is then released, which allows the medication to be sealed within the muscle tissue. This approach reduces irritation by preventing the medication from leaking back into the subcutaneous tissue, thereby reducing the sensation of pain for the patient.

Using the Z-track technique not only helps to minimize pain but also decreases the likelihood of complications such as staining of the skin from certain medications, as well as promoting a more comfortable experience for the patient overall.

While other techniques, such as injecting into a cold muscle or requesting the patient to clench their fist, can provide some benefit, they do not offer the same level of efficacy as the Z-track method in terms of reducing pain during and after the injection. Injecting the medication at a slow rate can also help reduce discomfort but lacks the comprehensive benefits provided by the Z-track technique in minimizing irritation and preserving tissue integrity.